International Journal of Business, Marketing, Economics & Leadership (IJBMEL)

Bridging Financial Gaps: A Qualitative Literature Review on Government Loan Programs and Small Business Growth under Credit Constraints

Benardi Benardi — 2026-02-04

This qualitative literature review examines the role of government loan programs in addressing credit constraints that hinder small business growth. Synthesizing recent empirical studies from Japan, the United States, and the European Union, the review finds that well-targeted public lending initiatives facilitate capital investment, employment expansion, and long-term productivity among financially constrained firms. The evidence highlights that government credit often complements rather than substitutes private lending and serves as a structural mechanism to reduce financial frictions. Program effectiveness is found to depend heavily on institutional design, eligibility targeting, and administrative capacity. The findings underscore the strategic value of sustained public intervention in SME finance, not only during crises but also for long-term economic resilience and inclusive growth

Between Tradition and Disruption: A Literature Review on the Role of Family Firm Dispositions in Navigating Digital Transformation

Ngadi Permana — 2025-02-05

This qualitative literature review examines how distinctive dispositional traits of family firms—such as socioemotional wealth, long-term orientation, and tradition—shape their engagement with digital transformation (DT). Drawing on recent empirical studies from 2007 to 2025, the review reveals that these dispositions serve as both barriers and enablers of digital change. While tradition and risk aversion can hinder radical innovation, they can also foster stability and purpose-driven digital adoption. The review highlights how family firms navigate paradoxes between continuity and innovation through strategic framing, intergenerational collaboration, and openness to external knowledge. Ultimately, family firm dispositions mediate digital transformation in complex, context-dependent ways, offering alternative, non-linear paths to innovation. This synthesis contributes to understanding how legacy and digitalization can be harmonized in family-owned businesses

Resilience in Small Family Businesses during Systemic Shocks: A Literature Review on the Mediating Role of Adaptive Capacity

Novrizal — 2026-02-06

This qualitative literature review explores how adaptive capacity mediates resilience in small family businesses (SFBs) during systemic shocks. Drawing from recent empirical studies, the review identifies adaptive capacity as a dynamic capability that enables SFBs to respond effectively to crises through flexible leadership, innovation, generational collaboration, and social capital. Unlike non-family firms, SFBs exhibit unique strengths and constraints rooted in socioemotional wealth, long-term orientation, and intergenerational ties. The findings highlight that adaptive capacity functions as a crucial intermediary between environmental disruption and business continuity. Contextual factors such as industry, firm size, and institutional support further influence resilience outcomes. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of resilience by positioning adaptive capacity as a central mechanism in navigating systemic shocks.

The Interplay of Work Experience and Educational Diversity in Shaping Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Qualitative Synthesis

Seger Santoso — 2026-02-06

This qualitative literature review explores how the interplay between work experience and educational diversity influences entrepreneurial intentions. Synthesizing findings from recent empirical studies, the review highlights how practical experience enhances entrepreneurial self-efficacy and opportunity recognition, while diverse educational backgrounds promote cognitive flexibility and skill variety. The analysis reveals that the dynamic interaction of these factors more effectively fosters entrepreneurial intentions than either factor alone. Mediating variables such as self-efficacy, skill complementarity, and exposure to entrepreneurial environments emerge as critical mechanisms. The study contributes a holistic perspective on entrepreneurial intention formation and offers implications for education, career development, and entrepreneurship policy

Bridging Asymmetries in Crowdfunding: A Qualitative Review on the Interplay Between Entrepreneurial Signaling and Investor Perception

Selvi Agustina — 2026-02-06

This qualitative literature review explores the dynamic interplay between entrepreneurial signaling and investor perception in crowdfunding. It examines how various types of signals—such as team credibility, product quality, campaign narratives, and social proof—are interpreted by investors to mitigate information asymmetry. Drawing from recent empirical studies and theoretical advancements, this review highlights that investor decision-making is shaped by both rational evaluation and heuristic processing. Moreover, the study emphasizes the contextual influence of platform design, cultural norms, and emotional cues in shaping investment outcomes. By synthesizing diverse research findings, this paper offers a comprehensive understanding of how signaling strategies influence trust, legitimacy, and funding success in digital entrepreneurial finance. The review contributes to signaling theory and crowdfunding literature by clarifying the psychological and contextual mechanisms that bridge the knowledge gap between entrepreneurs and investors