Chaidir, Mohammad, Benardi Benardi, and Mia Christy Patricia. 2025. “Managerial Self-Interest, Investment Decisions, and Stock Market Valuation: A Comprehensive Analysis of Theoretical Frameworks and Empirical Findings”. International Journal of Business, Marketing, Economics &Amp; Leadership (IJBMEL) 2 (3):20-27. https://doi.org/10.70142/ijbmel.v2i3.288.